XML adalah bahasa markup (markup language) yang memberikan kita membuat struktur markup sendiri digunakan untuk satu atau lebih keperluan dibawah ini:

-         Memudahkan pertukaran data.

Karena XML merupakan standar bahasa yang cross platform maka aplikasi apapun, dengan sistem operasi apapun, dengan ddatabase apapun dapat membaca dan memanfaatkan XML

-         Melakukan kustomisasi bahasa markup

XML sudah dipakai untuk ratusan bahasa standar untuk berbagai tujuan,

o       Banking Industry Technology Secretariat (BITS)

o       Financial Exchange (IFX)

o       Bank Internet Payment System (BIPS)

o       Telecommunications Interchange Markup (TIM)

o       Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF)

o       Chemical Markup Language (CML)

-         Membuat data yang self described, terstruktur, dan terintegrasi
XML dapat langsung mendeskripsikan dirinya sendiri, mudah dibaca, dan tetap terstruktur. Terdapat cara untuk mengecek agar data XML benar bentuknya (well formed) dan valid, sehingga data XML dapat terintegrasi dengan benar.

Membuat XML

xml terdiri dari:

- deklarasi 

   diawal file harus dituis  

    <?xml version = "1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 

-         Element
Element  adalah tag pembuka, tag penutup beserta isi didalamnya. Nama tag dapat berupa susunan huruf, angka, garisbawah, tapi untuk huruf awal tidak boleh angka. Bersifat readonly. Dapat bersarang (nested) tapi harus punya satu element yang merupakan root, yaitu yang isinya merupakan isi keseluruhannya.

-         Attributes

         Sama dengan attributes pada HTML

Contoh :

<?xml version = "1.0" ?>

<DOCUMENT>

    <GREETING DESTINATION=”Anybody”>

        Hello From XML

    </GREETING>

    <MESSAGE>

        Welcome to the wild and woolly world of XML.

    </MESSAGE>

</DOCUMENT>

Pada contoh diatas Root adalah element DOCUMENT, element lain adalah GREETING dan MESSAGE. sedang contoh atribut adalah DESTINATION yang ada pada element GREETING. 

Susunan dan nama-nama element XML bebas, terserah dari pembuatnya asal mudah dimengerti jika digunakan oleh orang lain.

Contoh lain, misal ada tabel dengan isi seperi berikut:

Maka XMLnya bisa jadi seperti berikut:

<?xml version = "1.0"  ?> 

<MAHASISWAS>

        <MAHASISWA>

               <NRP>001</NRP>

               <NAMA>Adi</NAMA>

               <ASAL>Solo</ASAL>

               <MATKULS>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”9”>Fisika</MATKUL>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”7”>Matematika</MATKUL>

               </MATKULS>

        </MAHASISWA>

        <MAHASISWA>

               <NRP>002</NRP>

               <NAMA>Amir</NAMA>

               <ASAL>Jakarta</ASAL>

               <MATKULS>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”8”>Fisika</MATKUL>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”7”>Kimia</MATKUL>

               </MATKULS>

        </MAHASISWA>

        <MAHASISWA>

               <NRP>003</NRP>

               <NAMA>Yudi</NAMA>

               <ASAL>Surabaya</ASAL>

               <MATKULS>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”8”>Fisika</MATKUL>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”9”>Matematika</MATKUL>

                       <MATKUL NILAI=”6”>Biologi</MATKUL>

               </MATKULS>

        </MAHASISWA>

</MAHASISWAS>

Membaca XML di PHP

Untuk membaca XML di PHP ada banyak cara antara lain
- dengan XML parser
- dengan DOM Extension
- dengan SimpleXML
- dengan library-library tambahan diluar Core PHP

Yang paling gampang digunakan dan tidak perlu mencari library dari luar adalah dengan SimpleXML. Disini sudah ada fungsi-fungsi yang sering digunkan untuk operasi XML dan lebih simple cara penggunaannya dibanding yang lain. Sayangnya SimpleXML baru ada pada PHP 5. Perintah-perintah yang ada pada SimpleXML antara lain:

• SimpleXMLElement->addAttribute() — Adds an attribute to the SimpleXML element
• SimpleXMLElement->addChild() — Adds a child element to the XML node
• SimpleXMLElement->asXML() — Return a well-formed XML string based on SimpleXML element
• SimpleXMLElement->attributes() — Identifies an element's attributes
• SimpleXMLElement->children() — Finds children of given node
• SimpleXMLElement->__construct() — Creates a new SimpleXMLElement object
• SimpleXMLElement->getDocNamespaces() — Returns namespaces declared in document
• SimpleXMLElement->getName() — Gets the name of the XML element
• SimpleXMLElement->getNamespaces() — Returns namespaces used in document
• SimpleXMLElement->registerXPathNamespace() — Creates a prefix/ns context for the next XPath query
• SimpleXMLElement->xpath() — Runs XPath query on XML data
• simplexml_import_dom — Get a SimpleXMLElement object from a DOM node.
• simplexml_load_file — Interprets an XML file into an object
• simplexml_load_string — Interprets a string of XML into an object

Contoh penggunaanya:

Dengan menggunakan contoh xml mahasiswa diatas:

<?

$mahasiswas = simplexml_load_file('mhs.xml');

  foreach ($mahasiswas->MAHASISWA as $mahasiswa) {

      echo "mahasiswa :". $mahasiswa->NAMA.'<br>';

          $matkuls=$mahasiswa->MATKULS;

      foreach ($matkuls->MATKUL as $matkul) {

          echo "Nilai ".$matkul." = ".$matkul['NILAI'].'<br>';

      }

  } 

?>

perintah yang sering juga dipakai adalah perintah untuk searching dengan xpath. Contohnya adalah untuk me-list semua mata kuliah

foreach ($mahasiswas->xpath('//MATKUL') as $matkul) { 

    echo "$matkul<br>";

}

Comments

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Modifikasi XML dengan php Agustu Atihuta (125.162.59.xxx) 2008-12-17 11:41:13 Dear, Bagaimana perintah php pada file php sehingga elemen yang ada pada XML file dapat dirubah dengan hasil elemen pada XML file sebagai berikut: nama path judul lagu Dalam hal ini, data dan diambil dari database. Saya sangat mohonkan pencerahannya. Hormat saya, Agustu Atihuta

Lanjutan Pertanyaan di atas Agustu Atihuta (125.162.59.xxx) 2008-12-17 11:46:02 hasil elemen yaitu: '' '' 'nama path' 'judul lagu' '' ''

to : Agustu Atihuta daniel (202.152.172.xxx) 2008-12-18 06:52:16 Biasanya kalo bikin XML saya manual pake looping php atau looping database. membentuk file dengan tag-tag dan isi element2 xml. misal : $str="; $str.=""; $rs=mysql_query ("select judul,pengarang from lagu"; while($r=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs)) { $str.=""; $str.="".$r[judul].""; $str.=" ;".$r[pengarang].""; $str.=""; } $str.=""; terus $str dituliskan ke file

loh !! daniel (202.152.172.xxx) 2008-12-18 06:56:46 waduhh tag2nya jadi ilang kalo masuk sini ya )

Lho Agustu Atihuta (202.152.195.xxx) 2009-01-05 08:41:00 Tag2nya pada hilang pak. Kalo Boleh saya minta emailnya pak untuk konsultasi lebih lanjut?

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